The Climate Innovation Collaboratory (CIC) was launched as a collaborative venture between CU Boulder and Deloitte, with the goal of translating cutting-edge climate research and data into meaningful climate solutions for businesses, organization, government agencies and communities.

This year three RASEI Fellows were recipients of awards to develop long-term engagements with Deloitte and expand access to critical climate data analytics, research and technology. These projects explore how the renewable energy grid can be built out to offer clean solutions for AI data centers and greater adoption of electric vehicles. 

RASEI Fellow Bri-Mathias Hodge is the principal investigator for a project titled “Interconnection Planning for Large Data Centers”. The goal is to develop a system planning tool to automate the initial processes needed for utilities to identify generation expansion, network reinforcement, and asset upgrades to meet the demands of new data centers. This work will help utilities, grid operators, and data center operators to deal with the expansion in the number and energy usage of data centers at the state, regional, and international levels. With the rise of AI, seen as the industrial revolution of the 21^st century, better understanding of how and where to place the data centers that are the engines driving this transformation will be critical.

RASEI Fellow Kyri Baker is the principal investigator for a project titled “Viability of long- and short-duration energy storage for AI Data Centers: Carbon, Cost, and Reliability”. This project combines the benefits of short and long duration energy storage to increase uptime, improve renewable energy utilization, and lower payback periods for AI data centers. By developing an optimization framework for data centers energy storage that leverages price and renewable energy forecasts to co-optimize cost, carbon, and resilience. Creation of a tool that optimizes data energy storage would have significant relevance to commercial and government clients seeking to lower data center consumption. 

RASEI Fellow Stephanie Weber is the principal investigator for a project titled “EV Infrastructure and local economic spillovers”. This project seeks to understand both how the construction of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure affects the surrounding areas as well as the tradeoffs associated with prioritizing equity in public charging locations. This will help inform state and national governments in the deployment of EV charging stations, to help incentivize EV adoption, and better understand the non-monetary impact of building EV chargers. 

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The Climate Crisis has already caused increases in the occurrence of major weather events, such as heat waves, wildfires, and sea level rise worldwide. With less than three months left, 2023 is on track to be the hottest year in a 174-year record. 

The emission of carbon into the Earth’s atmosphere is driving this change and in 2022 CO₂ emissions reached an all-time-high of more than 36.8 Gt-CO₂. That is the equivalent of 368,000 fully loaded U.S. aircraft carriers, or put another way, 1 Gt is roughly twice the mass of all humans on the planet. In 2022 the world is further away from net-zero emissions than we have ever been before.

In order to effectively address the climate crisis, we cannot rely solely on a transition to clean and renewable energy sources and reduction of carbon emissions, we are going to need effective methods to remove the carbon we have already put into the atmosphere to mitigate the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. The technologies need to achieve this are still emerging, and there are many aspects that are not fully understood. Two RASEI Fellows, Bri-Mathias Hodge and Wilson Smith have, over the past two years, been part of a series of studies that have applied rigorous analysis and modeling approaches to provide a thorough assessment of decarbonization and carbon capture technologies that outline the barriers, and opportunities, of a circular economy for carbon.

These studies have explored a series of different perspectives on how electrification and the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide can impact different sectors in our efforts to accelerate decarbonization. The scope of these studies has been broad, exploring impacts on the transport sector, chemical (this study also brought in RASEI Fellow Kyri Baker as a collaborator), and industrial complexes. This includes everything from more efficient and direct methods for heating, to replacing the carbon building blocks we pull out of the ground in the form of oil and gas with ones we can pull out of the atmosphere.

The most recent article in this series, which was published this month in the Journal Energy & Environmental Sciences, revolves around the use of direct air carbon dioxide capture (DACC), powered by renewable electricity, to generate syngas, an essential industrial feedstock for the production of fuels, plastics, advanced materials, and medicines. The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction approach offers a more energy efficient strategy that can produce this valuable commodity while reducing the amount of carbon in our atmosphere. 

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Hussain Almajed is a Graduate Student at CU Boulder and a joint member of the research groups of Dr. Wilson Smith and Dr. Bri-Mathias Hodge. Hussain joined the Steering Committee of the 2022 United Nations Human Rights Right Here, Right Now Global Climate Summit, while also keeping his research projects running, efforts that were recently recognized with the 2023 ECEE Outreach Award. Hussain sat down to tell us more about his experiences. 

Where are you from?

I grew up in a small town in Saudi Arabia called Al Qatif, located on the east coast of the country. Al Qatif is famous for its rich soils and abundant palm trees and springs. On the east side of Al Qatif lies the Arabian or Persian Gulf, which offers a really nice corniche walk alongside the gulf. Unfortunately, some parts of the gulf contain quite a lot of pollution, something that was a strong motivation for me to go into climate change-based research.

What did you like to do as a kid?

I was an avid football / soccer defense player, it was one of my main hobbies. My cousins, friends, and I actually established a local football team that went on to play against some official Saudi football clubs! For a second, I was going to pursue this path officially, but I also wanted to get a college degree, so I had to choose between the two. As there were limited opportunities for football players back then in Saudi Arabia, I eventually decided to go to college!

What are your hobbies now?

I really enjoy hiking around Boulder, especially in the Summer and Spring times. Although I have been living in Colorado for more than eight years now, I have not skied before and that is something I would like to try and learn in the next couple of years. I still play some soccer, and I am improving my volleyball skills at the moment, albeit rather slowly! I do enjoy being outside, but I would probably say that I enjoy being at home just as much, I like to catch up on new movies and TV shows and play board games with friends and family.

Speak about some of the strong influences in your life?

I feel like everyone who I have interacted with have had something to do with where I am today. My whole family has been an extremely strong influence. In particular, my parents have helped me develop some leadership skills, things like responsibility and accountability. They have also instilled the love of helping others and have raised me to become an empathetic person, a trait that is needed to understand other people’s perspectives. My siblings have had their unique influences too, some of them pushed me toward challenging myself in research, others guided me through invaluable life lessons. The benefit of being the youngest sibling is that you can learn from all of your siblings’ past experiences! In addition to my parents and siblings, my fiancée has been my strongest supporter in the past eight years; pouring me with positivity and confidence, as well as listening to my foolish ideas.

How did you choose this area of research?

During my sophomore year in undergrad, I was interested in pursuing research questions and attempting to answer them using science, but I wasn’t sure what topic to pursue. I initially joined Dr. Sandeep Sharma’s computational research group at the department of chemistry here at CU Boulder, which exposed me to the different aspects and environments in research. That experience helped me be sure about wanting to go into research and move toward something where I could see some of the changes that I would be working on. I decided to pursue some research that is relevant to renewable energy applications, which led me to move towards electrochemical research in the group of Dr. Adam Holewinski. There, I worked on electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol, which are chemical reactions used in direct methanol fuel cells. I was able to build my fundamental understanding of electrochemistry and its role within the transition to renewable energy. I liked the experience and decided to join the master’s program in Chemical Engineering also here at CU Boulder. I was co-advised by Dr. Charles Musgrave and Dr. Wilson Smith (both RASEI Fellows) on a project that had a combination of quantum mechanics and electrochemistry. I employed computational methods to understand the fundamentals and mechanistic details of electrocatalysts for the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide to CO. The aim being to take this waste greenhouse gas and eventually convert it to a useful and valuable product, such as ethylene, which is used in plastics production.

During my Master’s, my work was focused on the atomic scale, which was really difficult to visualize its direct effect in the energy transition. Although the work was very interesting and fundamental, I found that I have a stronger interest in the bigger scales. I decided to benefit from the unique expertise of both Dr. Wilson Smith and Dr. Bri-Mathias Hodge during my PhD, working on system-level assessments of carbon dioxide removal and electrolysis technologies. My vision is that this work would guide questions and research programs towards relevant problems to realizing a smooth transition from fossil-based energy and fuels to cleaner alternatives. 

Tell us a little bit about how you got involved with the Right Here, Right Now Summit.

With getting involved in the systems level research, I understood that in order for me to be effective in this space, I need to develop my leadership skills and look at a whole range of aspects including policymaking, economics, and the rights of indigenous communities. I started building my leadership interest, working through some courses, and mentoring high school and undergraduate students. My advisors knew about my interests and so when this opportunity was announced, they encouraged me to apply. I was both happy and surprised when I heard back from them as I was not expecting that to be involved in the Steering Committee of such a global event!

As part of the Committee, I worked to identify keynote speakers and panelists, providing well-thought opinions about the involvement of people in the summit. A key part of this effort was to organize the summit with respect to the diversity we were seeking to provide. Alongside this, we were looking at what events should support this summit, and how the whole program not only helps and informs the population of Boulder and Colorado, but the world as a whole.

One of the main pieces I was involved in was suggesting a side research event to be planned for alongside the summit, where graduate students can share their research about climate change and human rights. We had participants from across the different schools and departments, which was fantastic because they could present to attendees from across the globe.

The feedback and guidance we received from the United Nations, and the other stakeholders involved, was that we needed to bring together people from diverse global regions, races, ethnicities, and perspectives. It made us think bigger and I was very excited to learn how this process was deployed at that scale.

Personally, this experience helped shape my thinking about leadership and how complicated it can be. It was great to watch some of the best leaders from the various departments and organizations be involved in this summit, and I was excited to learn about how they navigate these complicated situations.

You have had the opportunity to work with a range of different teams, on a range of different problems. Tell us a little about how you see teamwork.

Teamwork not only produces well-thought ideas and opinions but also offers people with a sense of community that can build their trust and confidence in themselves and in their teammates. I see teamwork as a strong pillar that one can rely on to push themselves further. One of the benefits I have found working on a team, and this may sound strange, is watching others struggle with their work. It has made it easier for me to accept how I struggle with my own work, and actually acts to support me. Often, chatting with co-workers helps me focus on my work and be more productive. My teammates and I usually spend about 30 minutes every day to just chat, whether it is about life or research or anything really. Talking to peers can really increase one’s confidence about their work and can strengthen the personal connection between them, helping build a friendly environment for everyone to shine.

If all goes according to plan, where would you hope your research has an impact in the future?

The transition from fossil-based energy and raw materials is going to take some time. In about 10-20 years, I hope to see some of my work be implemented at a large scale, say a gigaton scale. I also hope to see the shift happening more directly toward converting carbon dioxide from the air or ocean into some valuable consumer products at scale. A lot of this is going to be so dependent on careful development and deployment of emerging technologies as well as on cultural and economical changes. That is why a holistic approach, in which considers a diverse set of experts and stakeholders, similar to the one promoted by RASEI, is needed for this transition to be implemented at the scale and speed needed.

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